Spy 1 Radar - The AN/SPY-1 radar antenna is a gray light located on the forward and port side of the USS Lake Erie superstructure.
It is a US Navy 3D radar system manufactured by Lockheed Martin. The system is electronically scanned and keyed to the Aegis Combat System. The system is computer controlled and uses four aligned antennas to provide 360 coverage. The system was first installed on the USS Norton Sound in 1973 and was commissioned on the USS Ticonderoga in 1983 as the SPY-1A. The -1A was installed on ships up to CG-58, with the -1B upgrade first installed on the USS Princeton in 1986. .
Spy 1 Radar
The first production model of the SPY-1 series is the SPY-1, which forms the basis of all future SPY-1 radars. The SPY-1A has four antenna arrays in two separate housings, each antenna array containing 148 modules. Each array contains up to 32 radiating elements and phase shifters, and the modules are interconnected to produce transmitting and receiving sub-arrays, which are grouped together. 32 transmission and 68 receiving lines. The transmission system is driven by eight converters, each driven by four field effect amplifiers (CFA). Each CFA produces a maximum power of 132 kW. There are a total of 4,096 radiators, 4,352 receivers, and 128 additional auxiliaries on each antenna array. The power requirement of the SPY-1A is four times that of the AN/SPS-48. The AN/UYK-7 computer controls the SPY-1.
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The SPY-1A is a development of the SPY-1, resulting from the USS Ticonderoga's SPY-1 deployment off the coast of Lebanon. It was found that the false alarm rate was high because the radar would pick up a large number of insects and bugs from the mountainous terrain. The solution is to allow the operator to change the radar profile periodically reducing the view, and to set the threat and non-threat sectors according to the vironmt change.
The result was more resource utilization. About 10% of the software has been rewritten with a total of thirty thousand lines to implement better performance.
In 2003, the US Navy donated the SPY-1A antenna to the National Disaster Response Force Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma, making it one of the first arrays used in natural forecasting. The Multi-Functional Process Radar was decommissioned and decommissioned in 2016.
SPY-1B adopts VLSI, resulting in increased performance and reduced size and weight. For example, electrical cabinet space has been reduced from 11 to 5, curb weight from 14,700 lb (6,700 kg) to 10,800 lb (4,900 kg), and individual digital instruments from 3,806 to 1,606.
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A 7-bit phase shifter replaces the 4-bit phase shifter in earlier models, with the weight of the phase shifter on the antenna face reduced from 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) to 7,900 lb (3,600 kg), and the reduction of side lobes by 15 dB. There are 4,350 radios with two side lobe antennas, each with two elements, and the radar uses elev 16-bit microprocessors. The ability to counter dive missiles is improved with longer or longer waves with more energy.
The SPY-1D was first installed on the USS Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) in 1991, with all antennas in one housing. The -1B version is to match the Arleigh Burke class using the UYK-43 computer, with the main antenna also used as a missile mount, thus eliminating the need for separate missile mounts in earlier models. The UYA-4 display in earlier models was replaced by the UYQ-21 display.
Beginning with Flight III (DDG-125), the Arleigh Burke class was equipped with an AN/SPY-6 (V) 1 radar from Raytheon; IIA aircraft (DDG-79 through DDG-124) will be retrofitted with the AN/SPA-6(V)4 variant.
The SPY-1D(V), Littoral Warfare Radar, is an upgrade introduced in 1998 with a new trajectory control system for large-scale operations near the coast, where the previous "blue water" system was weak. in particular. The waveform is digital and the signal processing is optimized.
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The SPY-1E SBAR (S-Band Active Array) is the only active array model in the SPY-1 series. The SPY-1E uses a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system, and a single-stage demonstration unit was built in 2004. The weight of the antenna remains the same, but the weight on the ground is greatly reduced.
The AN/SPY-2 was later used and later upgraded to the AN/SPY-4 Volume Search Radar (VSR) for Zumwalt-class destroyers and Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers where the AN/SPY- 3 - complete the X band. . radar The VSRs were removed from the Zumwalt class due to budget constraints and will replace the Raytheon AN/SPY-6(V) 4 on the Ford class starting with the USS John F. Knedy (CVN-79).
The SPY-1F FARS (shipborne radar system) is a small 1D model designed for ships. It is used in Norwegian Fridtjof Nans class ships. The origins of the SPY-1F can be traced back to the FARS introduced to the German Navy in the 1980s. The SPY-1F antenna size has been reduced from the original 12 ft (4 m) with 4,350 Elements to 8 ft (2.4 m) with 1,856 Elements, and the ratio is 54% of the SPY-1D.
It was not used by the US Navy, although there were proposals to redesign the Liberty fighter jets.
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The SPY-1F(V) is a variant of the SPY-1F with enhanced capabilities for combating land targets and anti-ship missiles and improved multi-role capabilities.
The SPY-1K is the smallest version of the radar based on the same architecture as the 1D and 1F. It was designed for use on smaller ships such as corvettes, where the SPY-1F would be too large. The antenna size was reduced to 5 ft (1.5 m) with 912 elements.
As of 2007, none are in service, although a radar was included in the unbuilt AFCON Corvette[es].
In July 2009, Lockheed Martin was one of three companies awarded research contracts to develop a new Airborne and Missile Radar (AMDR) that includes an S-Band radar, an X-Band radar, and a Radar Suite Controller for An . / SPY-1 is a multi-role, array, 3D air search radar that provides detection, detection, tracking and discrimination of air and surface events. It is the main fire control radar for the Aegis Combat System, which supplies Aegis ships and Aegis Ashore facilities in Poland and Romania.
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First deployed in 1983, the SPY-1 is an S-band, PESA radar capable of tracking and discriminating against surface-to-surface missiles, aircraft, and other air or surface-to-surface threats. provide Each radar has four faces to provide a 360 degree azimuth field. These radars not only support anti-aircraft missiles participating in territorial and maritime defense operations, but also provide and enhance the early detection and discrimination of aircraft for the domestic missile defense of the United States of America. supervisor Aegis BMD aircraft have participated in every ground-based interception test since 2002.1 Evolution of the SPY-1
(AVM-1) in 1973. It was tested extensively in the following years, tracking commercial airliners flying over the Pacific Ocean and providing guidance for fire penetration tests. The last launch, the SPY-1A, was the first operational version and was installed in CG-47 through CG-58. It was first deployed in November 1983 off the coast of Lebanon, with Aegis ships participating in international peacekeeping operations. Using the router, USS
(CG-47) "was responsible for the detection, tracking, and automatic reporting of all air traffic and air traffic in the area [...] It became the center of air traffic control so inappropriate. Success, the Navy pushed its development to continue with several buildings, as shown in the table below.
After the 1991 Gulf War, US officials discovered that SPY-1A tracking records from Aegis ships deployed in the Gulf showed Iraqi missiles on board. This was an important discovery, and it helped Aegis enter the missile defense role. As stated in a recent report, "Preliminary studies by APL confirm the feasibility of replacing the Aegis Combat System, including the AN/SPY-1 radar and the Standard Missile-2 Block IV, confirming that the joint force's BMD capability for increase the defense of harbors and coastal forces against missile threats such as the Scud variety seen in Desert Storm.”3 Since APL confirmed this possibility, the SPY-1 radar has many improvements to improve BMD capability.
Eye Of Sauron
However, the Aegis Combat System was not originally designed for this complex mission. While policymakers have contributed improvements to speed up the ACS, the SPY-1 radar remains among the weakest links in the Aegis chain and is limited in its ability to intercept a missile. SPY-1 gives the averages about 370.4 km of track quality information. This meets the requirements of the SM-2, which has a range of 160 km, but is insufficient for the capable anti-ballistic interceptors of the SM-3. travel up to 700 km (Block IA/B) or 2,500 (Block IIA) km.5 Not enough even for SM-6, which is possible as a seeker, 460 km. The first conclusion presented in the Defense Science Agency study confirms that the current SPY-1 radar is insufficient for the needs of the ongoing mission.
Until 2016, the SPY-1 could not support the operations of BMD and Kruise missiles at the same time.
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